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Carbon Nanomaterial Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors and DNA-Based Biointerface Engineering
Fang Deng1,2, Mingyin Luo1, Jia Chen1
1Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University,Hunan 411105, China.
ACS Nano
|February 16, 2026
Summary
DNA nanostructures enhance carbon-based field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors for sensitive, label-free detection. This approach improves point-of-care testing (POCT) and early diagnostics for viruses and biomarkers.
Area of Science:
- Nanotechnology
- Biosensing
- Materials Science
Background:
- Carbon nanomaterial-based field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors offer high sensitivity, fast, label-free detection, and integration potential for point-of-care testing (POCT).
- Effective biosensing relies on precisely engineered biomolecular interface layers for specific recognition and signal transduction.
- DNA nanotechnology provides a programmable method to control biomolecular probe arrangement at the nanoscale for biosensor development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the use of designed DNA nanostructures with carbon-based FET biosensors for enhanced detection capabilities.
- To explore DNA nanostructures as bioprobes or linkers for interface engineering in FET biosensors.
- To summarize progress, challenges, and future directions for DNA nanostructure-engineered carbon-based FET biosensors.
Main Methods:
- Introduction to the structure and principles of carbon-based FET sensors.
- Discussion of DNA nanostructures for interface engineering and their advantages.
- Classification and summary of DNA nanostructures used as biosensing probes based on assembly dimensions.
Main Results:
- Demonstration of DNA nanostructure-engineered carbon-based FET biosensors for detecting viruses, biomarkers, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
- Analysis of the benefits of using DNA nanostructures for precise control over biomolecular probe orientation, conformation, and density.
- Summary of recent advancements in applying these engineered biosensors across various detection targets.
Conclusions:
- DNA nanostructures are crucial for optimizing carbon-based FET biosensor performance, enabling highly sensitive and specific detection.
- Further development is needed to overcome challenges hindering the practical application and promotion of FET biosensors.
- This review provides design principles to enhance carbon-based FET biosensors for early diagnosis and POCT applications.
