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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
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Existential priming in L2 Chinese: proficiency-selective modulation and locus-specific lexical boost.

Jinxin Qian1, Xiao Cheng1, Jiayuan Yu2

  • 1Department of International Cultural Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.

Frontiers in Psychology
|February 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study on second language (L2) Mandarin learners found that structural priming influences the use of existential constructions. Different priming types and lexical overlap affect production, with proficiency playing a key role.

Keywords:
L2 proficiencylexical boostmandarin existential sentencespreference effectsstructural priming

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Second Language Acquisition
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Structural priming reveals how second language (L2) speakers access grammatical knowledge.
  • Limited research exists on Mandarin existential templates in L2 acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate structural priming effects on Mandarin existential constructions in L2 learners.
  • Examine the role of prime type, lexical overlap, and proficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Two production experiments were conducted with L2 Mandarin learners.
  • Experiment 1 used a picture description task with three existential patterns (EX-ZHE, EX-LE, EX-YOU).
  • Experiment 2 manipulated lexical overlap for the EX-ZHE pattern.

Main Results:

  • Reliable priming effects were observed, with significant differences between prime types.
  • EX-ZHE and EX-YOU primes increased existential production, while EX-LE reduced it.
  • Proficiency modulated priming effects, particularly for EX-ZHE; verb overlap showed the largest lexical boost.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support a cost and cue-sensitive account of L2 grammatical assembly.
  • Constructional availability and lexical retrieval cues jointly influence L2 structural alignment.
  • Instructional implications require further validation in classroom and corpus settings.