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Relationship between the oxidative stress biomarkers and coronary heart disease: Pathogenesis to therapeutic aspects

Aneeza Waris Hussain Rathore1, Hira Naveed1, Atif Nadeem1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Army Cardiac Hospital/CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.

World Journal of Cardiology
|February 16, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Oxidative stress and inflammation are key drivers in coronary heart disease (CHD) development and progression. This review highlights crucial oxidative stress biomarkers and strategies to manage them in CHD patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Coronary heart disease (CHD) pathophysiology involves oxidative stress and inflammation, contributing to atherosclerosis.
  • Reduced antioxidant defenses and elevated oxidative stress accelerate coronary artery disease (CAD) development and progression.
  • Numerous oxidative stress biomarkers are associated with CAD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the role of various oxidative stress biomarkers in the pathogenesis of CHD.
  • To discuss the implications of oxidative stress in coronary artery disease.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies for managing oxidative stress in CHD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on oxidative stress biomarkers in CHD.
  • Analysis of the role of specific biomarkers including paraoxonase, nitrotyrosine, glutathione peroxidase, advanced glycation end-products, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, isoprostanes, catalase, and reactive oxidative metabolites.
  • Synthesis of information on the link between oxidative stress and CHD pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Paraoxonase, nitrotyrosine, glutathione peroxidase, advanced glycation end-products, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, isoprostanes, catalase, and reactive oxidative metabolites are significant in CHD pathogenesis.
  • Oxidative stress biomarkers provide insights into the mechanisms of CHD.
  • These biomarkers are implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Managing oxidative stress indicators is crucial for controlling CHD.
  • Lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions targeting reactive oxygen species are key strategies.
  • Understanding oxidative stress biomarkers aids in CHD management and treatment.

Keywords:
BiomarkersCoronary artery diseaseCoronary heart diseaseOxidative stressPathogenesisTherapeutic approaches

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