Influence of soil health on tomato sensory quality: a PRISMA-based systematic review

Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) are globally prized for their sensory qualities, including flavour, aroma, texture, and appearance, which shape consumer preference and marketability. This systematic review explores the influence of soil health on these attributes, focusing on nutrient composition, microbial activity, and management practices. Following PRISMA guidelines, 598 records from three databases were initially identified: Scopus (43), PubMed (18), and Taylor & Francis (537). After duplicate removal and successive screening steps; title, abstract, and full-text review, a total of twelve (12) studies met the inclusion criteria and were retained for the final analysis. All twelve studies (100%) assessed flavour, ten (10) analyzed appearance, while aroma and texture were each evaluated in six (6) studies. Nine (9) of the papers reveal that balanced macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and soil amendments like biochar and organic fertilizers significantly enhance tomato sensory profiles by optimizing sugar-acid balance, aroma compound synthesis, and fruit firmness. Seven (7) studies found that sustainable practices, including reduced synthetic fertilizer use and improved microbial diversity, were shown to mitigate soil degradation while boosting nutrient cycling and water retention. Conversely, four papers found that soil contamination with heavy metals and poor management practices were linked to diminished sensory quality, including off-flavors and reduced sweetness. Soil health strongly affects tomato sensory quality. Organic amendments such as biochar and compost substantially enhance flavour, aroma, texture, and visual appeal. Integrated soil management strategies and farmer training are recommended. Future research should quantify long-term effects and explore links between sensory quality and nutritional outcomes.