Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions02:40

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions

47.0K
A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...
47.0K
Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

2.0K
When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
2.0K
Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

643
Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
643
Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway01:21

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

767
Scaled hydraulic models of dam spillways provide a practical way to replicate and study the intricate flow dynamics of these structures. Often built to a 1:15 ratio, these models allow for observing critical water behavior, such as velocity distribution, flow patterns, and energy dissipation.
767
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

826
Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
826
Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

1.9K
Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
1.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Highly-Efficient Seawater Hydrogen Production via a Plug-and-Play Solar-Powered Membrane Distillation-Electrolysis System.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Regenerating end-of-life membranes for enhanced sustainability and unexpected performance.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Principles for Optimal Electrode Design and Operation for Desalination with Electrochemical Ion Pumping.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Activating Lithium Titanate for High-Performance and Stable Electrochemical Direct Lithium Extraction.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

<i>ES&T</i> at 60: Science, Community, and the Facets of Impact.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Electrostatic-driven dehydration of ions in nanoporous membranes.

Science advances·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing
10:19

Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing

Published on: February 13, 2016

11.9K

Solution-Friction Analytical Approximation as a Robust Model Framework for Low-Salt-Rejection Reverse Osmosis.

Rayan Alghanayem1,2, Weifan Liu3, Rui Chen3

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology Letters
|February 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new model accurately predicts salt transport in low-salt-rejection reverse osmosis (LSRRO) membranes. This physically grounded solution-friction analytical approximation (SF-AA) works across high salinities, improving brine concentration predictions.

Keywords:
brine managementlow-salt-rejection reverse osmosismembranetransport model

More Related Videos

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
07:55

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

Published on: July 20, 2021

11.9K
Experimental Multiscale Methodology for Predicting Material Fouling Resistance
09:13

Experimental Multiscale Methodology for Predicting Material Fouling Resistance

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing
10:19

Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing

Published on: February 13, 2016

11.9K
Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
07:55

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

Published on: July 20, 2021

11.9K
Experimental Multiscale Methodology for Predicting Material Fouling Resistance
09:13

Experimental Multiscale Methodology for Predicting Material Fouling Resistance

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Membrane Science and Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Predictive modeling for low-salt-rejection reverse osmosis (LSRRO) is limited by empirical frameworks requiring salinity-dependent parameters.
  • Accurate modeling is crucial for efficient hypersaline brine concentration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt and validate the solution-friction analytical approximation (SF-AA) as a simple, closed-form, and physically grounded model for LSRRO membranes.
  • To evaluate the SF-AA's performance across a wide salinity range using experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of three low-salt-rejection membranes with NaCl solutions up to 3.64 M.
  • Measurement of water flux, salt rejection, and salinity-dependent salt permeability.
  • Adaptation and validation of the SF-AA model using intrinsic membrane parameters.

Main Results:

  • The SF-AA model accurately captures salt transport dependence on feed concentration and permeate flux.
  • The SF-AA model significantly outperforms the conventional model for LSRRO.
  • The model requires only three intrinsic membrane parameters for accurate predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The SF-AA is established as a robust and generalizable model for LSRRO.
  • This physically grounded model enhances the predictive capabilities for leaky membranes in high-salinity conditions.
  • The SF-AA offers a simplified and effective approach for modeling membrane processes.