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Gut microbiota: new links between exercise and disease.

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Exercise reshapes the gut microbiota, offering a non-pharmacological approach to prevent diseases like obesity and diabetes. Further research is needed to understand exercise dose effects on gut microbiota for optimal disease prevention strategies.

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aerobic exercisegut microbiotaimmune diseasesmetabolic diseasesmoderate-intensity exerciseneurological diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Exercise physiology
  • Disease prevention

Background:

  • The intestinal microbiota, termed the 'second genome', is crucial for health, influencing immunity, metabolism, and gut barrier integrity.
  • It plays a significant role in preventing obesity, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the biological and physiological mechanisms of exercise-gut microbiota interactions in disease prevention.
  • To explore the interplay between exercise, gut microbiota, and disease states, focusing on molecular mechanisms and varying exercise parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on exercise, gut microbiota, and disease prevention.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms, including metabolite production (SCFAs, tryptophan metabolites, bile acids).
  • Focus on varying exercise intensities, modalities, and durations.

Main Results:

  • Exercise can prevent and manage diseases like obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders by altering gut microbiota composition and function.
  • Exercise suppresses oxidative stress, reduces inflammation, and maintains intestinal mucosal barrier homeostasis.
  • Exercise-induced gut microbiota modulation and metabolite production show adaptive and regulatory benefits for disease prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the precise effects of different exercise doses on gut microbiota is essential for establishing clear exercise-dose relationships in disease prevention.
  • Further experimental validation is required to confirm the specific impacts of exercise-driven microbiota changes on various diseases.
  • Future strategies should focus on differential effects of exercise doses, long-term impacts, and promoting beneficial microbial populations for therapeutic purposes.