Gut microbiota: new links between exercise and disease.

Area of Science:

• Microbiome research
• Exercise physiology
• Disease prevention

Background:

• The intestinal microbiota, termed the 'second genome', is crucial for health, influencing immunity, metabolism, and gut barrier integrity.
• It plays a significant role in preventing obesity, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the biological and physiological mechanisms of exercise-gut microbiota interactions in disease prevention.
• To explore the interplay between exercise, gut microbiota, and disease states, focusing on molecular mechanisms and varying exercise parameters.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of existing literature on exercise, gut microbiota, and disease prevention.
• Analysis of molecular mechanisms, including metabolite production (SCFAs, tryptophan metabolites, bile acids).
• Focus on varying exercise intensities, modalities, and durations.

Main Results:

• Exercise can prevent and manage diseases like obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders by altering gut microbiota composition and function.
• Exercise suppresses oxidative stress, reduces inflammation, and maintains intestinal mucosal barrier homeostasis.
• Exercise-induced gut microbiota modulation and metabolite production show adaptive and regulatory benefits for disease prevention.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the precise effects of different exercise doses on gut microbiota is essential for establishing clear exercise-dose relationships in disease prevention.
• Further experimental validation is required to confirm the specific impacts of exercise-driven microbiota changes on various diseases.
• Future strategies should focus on differential effects of exercise doses, long-term impacts, and promoting beneficial microbial populations for therapeutic purposes.