Challenges in umbilical pathology: far beyond the obvious-a case report

Umbilical disorders in neonates are frequently benign, with umbilical granulomas, hernias, and transient inflammatory changes representing the majority of presentations. However, persistent or atypical umbilical findings may signal rare congenital anomalies originating from incomplete involution of the urachus or the omphalomesenteric duct. Early recognition of these conditions is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis, unnecessary antibiotic exposure, or delayed referral.

We describe a 27-day-old term newborn, previously healthy, who initially presented with a single vesicular scalp lesion in the context of household varicella exposure. During hospitalization, she developed new-onset erythema, edema, and clear umbilical discharge from a pre-existing small reducible umbilical lump. Despite the local inflammatory appearance, she remained clinically well, with normal white blood cell count and a C-reactive protein of 10 mg/L. Urinalysis showed no abnormalities. Abdominal ultrasound (US) demonstrated a tubular hypoechoic structure connecting the bladder dome to the umbilicus, compatible with a patent urachus. Conservative management with topical fusidic acid and antiseptic care led to rapid improvement, with resolution of inflammatory signs within 4 days. The patient was discharged asymptomatic and referred to pediatric surgery, where she remains under outpatient follow-up with elective surgical excision planned.

This case highlights the importance of reassessing neonatal umbilical abnormalities that deviate from typical benign patterns. Early imaging, particularly US, is essential for distinguishing urachal anomalies from more common umbilical conditions and for guiding management. Increased clinical awareness can help prevent underdiagnosis of these rare but clinically relevant lesions.