Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ketones with Nonenolizable Aromatic Aldehydes: Claisen–Schmidt Condensation01:01

Ketones with Nonenolizable Aromatic Aldehydes: Claisen–Schmidt Condensation

4.5K
Benzaldehyde, like formaldehyde, lacks an α hydrogen and cannot enolize to form an enolate. Hence, the reaction of benzaldehyde with a ketone in the presence of an aqueous base forms a single crossed product. This reaction is referred to as Claisen–Schmidt condensation.
As the self-condensation of ketones is generally not favored in basic conditions, the self-condensed products do not form in the reaction between ketones and benzaldehyde. The general reaction of Claisen–Schmidt...
4.5K
Regioselective Formation of Enolates01:33

Regioselective Formation of Enolates

3.5K
As depicted in the figure below, the unsymmetrical ketones can form two possible enolates:  less substituted or more substituted enolates. Usually, the thermodynamic enolates are formed from the more substituted α-carbon atom, while the kinetic enolates are formed faster by deprotonation from the less substituted position. The thermodynamic enolates have lower energy, so they are  more stable. But the energy required to form kinetic enolates is less.
3.5K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

2.5K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
2.5K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

4.7K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
4.7K
Esters to β-Ketoesters: Claisen Condensation Mechanism01:08

Esters to β-Ketoesters: Claisen Condensation Mechanism

4.8K
Regular Claisen condensation involves the synthesis of β-ketoesters by combining identical ester molecules bearing two α hydrogens in the presence of an alkoxide base. The reaction commences with the deprotonation of the acidic α hydrogen by the base to form a resonance stabilized ester enolate. This nucleophilic ion then attacks the carbonyl center of another ester molecule to generate a tetrahedral alkoxide intermediate. Next, the expulsion of the alkoxide group from the...
4.8K
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes02:41

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

14.8K
An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
14.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An artificial intelligence-driven synthesis planning platform (PhotoCat) for photocatalysis.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same author

3-Hydroxyquinolin-2-Ones Act as Dual Inhibitors of Ferroptosis and Monoamine Oxidase B: Reducing Alzheimer's Disease-Related Amyloid Precursor Protein and Hyperphosphorylated Tau In Vivo.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2025
Same author

Reductive Deuteration of Aldehydes/Ketones for the Synthesis of Monodeuterated Phosphinates and Derivatives Using D<sub>2</sub>O as the Nucleophilic Deuterium Source.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2025
Same author

Hydrogen-Bonding-Driven Site-Selective Activation of α-C(sp<sup>3</sup>)─H in Alcohols: A Straightforward Dual-Catalysis Strategy for Efficient Acceptorless Dehydrogenation.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

A dual-radical process for tri/di-fluoromethylarylation of alkenes enabled by indirect electroreduction.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2025
Same author

<i>O</i>-Acylation triggered γ-umpolung functionalization of electron-poor alkenyl sulfoxides for the synthesis of 3-allyl indoles.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2025
Same journal

From cyclic diaryl λ<sup>3</sup>-bromanes/chloranes to polyfuntionalized biarylsilanes <i>via</i> aryne σ-bonds.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Non-equilibrium formation of the elusive dibridged diboranyl (B<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>) radical and boranes in low-temperature diborane ices.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Visible-light-driven ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogenation of manganese nitride complexes to ammonia under ambient conditions.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Quantification of mesopore infiltration in a polymer-grafted metal-organic framework.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Enhanced and selective oxygen reduction by iron porphyrin with a biguanide residue in the second coordination sphere.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Excited-state orbital angular momentum enables all-optical molecular spin coherence.

Chemical science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

A Modular Microfluidic Technology for Systematic Studies of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals
09:58

A Modular Microfluidic Technology for Systematic Studies of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Published on: May 10, 2018

10.1K

Continuous flow unlocks modular ketones assembly enabled by dynamic orbital selection.

Jiayin Wang1, Shuangshuang Zhou1, Xinyao Hu1

  • 1College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310032 P. R. China jincan@zjut.edu.cn sunbin@zjut.edu.cn.

Chemical Science
|February 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new continuous-flow method for synthesizing ketones via metallaphotoredox catalysis. The approach efficiently couples aldehydes and carboxylic acids, overcoming limitations of previous ketone synthesis strategies.

More Related Videos

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices
11:22

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

Published on: December 1, 2017

13.0K
Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

A Modular Microfluidic Technology for Systematic Studies of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals
09:58

A Modular Microfluidic Technology for Systematic Studies of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Published on: May 10, 2018

10.1K
Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices
11:22

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

Published on: December 1, 2017

13.0K
Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Synthetic Methodology

Background:

  • Ketone synthesis is crucial in organic chemistry.
  • Existing cross-coupling methods for ketones face challenges like limited substrate scope, harsh conditions, and poor scalability, especially for sterically hindered ketones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a versatile and scalable method for synthesizing diverse ketones.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing ketone synthesis methodologies, particularly for sterically hindered compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a continuous-flow metallaphotoredox catalytic strategy.
  • Utilized a dynamic orbital selection mechanism based on differential bond dissociation energies.
  • Enabled direct cross-coupling of aldehydes and carboxylic acids without requiring oxidative addition steps.

Main Results:

  • Achieved efficient cross-coupling of aldehydes and carboxylic acids to form ketones.
  • Demonstrated broad substrate compatibility and excellent functional group tolerance.
  • Successfully synthesized a wide range of ketones, including highly sterically congested ones.
  • Showcased enhanced process efficiency and scalability through continuous-flow technology.
  • Completed a 100 gram-scale synthesis in 24 hours using a flow microreactor.

Conclusions:

  • The developed continuous-flow metallaphotoredox catalysis provides a sustainable and efficient platform for ketone synthesis.
  • This method circumvents the need for stoichiometric redox reagents and addresses scalability issues.
  • The strategy is effective for producing sterically hindered ketones, expanding synthetic possibilities.