Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides
Published on: May 26, 2019
Protocol for the synthesis of N-Alkyl bromomaleimide linkers
Jessica T Mhlongo1, Anamika Sharma2, Fernando Albericio2,3
1School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Abstract:
Herein a straightforward and efficient method for synthesizing bromomaleimides with varied carbon chain lengths to modulate molecular properties has been reported. Compounds 1-4 incorporate a single bromomaleimide unit, while compound 5 features two, enabling dual functionalization. This synthetic approach consistently yields high-purity products in good to excellent yields, with compound 5 offering potential for dual payload conjugation due to its bifunctional structure. The key highlights are: 1. Bromomaleimides offers exceptional stability compared to maleimides counterparts 2. Highly selective for Cysteine modification.
Related Concept Videos
Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination
Halogenation of Alkenes
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes
Alkyl Halides
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene

