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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult01:21

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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, is a life-saving emergency procedure performed when a person's heart has stopped beating or they are no longer breathing. The foundation of CPR is Basic Life Support (BLS), which focuses on the early recognition of cardiac arrest, the immediate start of high-quality chest compressions, and the timely use of an automated external defibrillator (AED).Assessing Responsiveness and Checking the Carotid PulseWhen approaching an unresponsive person, first ensure...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management01:25

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Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Introduction to AEDAn Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device that analyzes the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electrical shock to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm during sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating, leading to a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. In such emergencies, time is of the essence, and using an AED, combined with Cardiopulmonary...
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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Standardized Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Swine
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International Cardiac Advanced Life Support course: a cross-sectional descriptive analysis.

Nilufeur Mckay1, Jody Ede2, Jessica Stokes-Parish3

  • 1School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.

Contemporary Nurse
|February 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac Advanced Life Support (CALS) training improves clinician knowledge and confidence in managing deteriorating patients post-cardiac surgery. Nurses showed increased confidence and leadership potential, highlighting CALS education

Keywords:
Cardiac advanced life supportcontinuing professional developmentcourse evaluationinterdisciplinary educationsimulations

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Medical Education
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Effective management of deteriorating patients after cardiac surgery requires a structured approach.
  • Cardiac Advanced Life Support (CALS) was developed to standardize the recognition and response to post-surgical complications.
  • There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness and participant perceptions of CALS training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess participant perceptions of a Cardiac Advanced Life Support (CALS) course.
  • To evaluate the impact of CALS training on clinician knowledge and confidence.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional analysis of post-course online survey responses was conducted.
  • 331 surveys were collected from participants across 35 healthcare organizations between August 2021 and April 2023.
  • Participants included nurses (69.2%) and anaesthetists (11.5%).

Main Results:

  • Pre- and post-course scores increased across all education domains, indicating enhanced knowledge and confidence.
  • The domain showing the greatest improvement was 'chest opening'.
  • Nurses reported greater confidence in cardiac surgical resuscitation and leading emergency response teams.

Conclusions:

  • CALS training enhances clinician skills and confidence in managing post-cardiac surgery deterioration.
  • The training fosters interdisciplinary teamwork and human factors practice.
  • Further research into CALS educational design is warranted, particularly given its widespread use.