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Human Milk Bioactive Compounds and Allergic- and Infectious-Related Infant Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Eduard Flores Ventura1,2, Daria Guseva3, Vanessa Hübert3,4

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Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
|February 16, 2026
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This summary is machine-generated.

Human milk bioactive compounds like PUFAs and HMOs show potential in preventing infant allergies and infections. Specific omega-3 fatty acids and immunoglobulins may play protective roles, though more research is needed.

Keywords:
allergybioactive compoundshuman milkhuman milk microbiotaimmunologyinfantsinfections

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Human milk (HM) bioactive compounds are vital for infant health, influencing immune development and disease resistance.
  • Existing research indicates HM components play a role in preventing allergies and infections, but a comprehensive synthesis is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on HM bioactive compounds' impact on diagnosed allergies, immunological diseases, and infectious disease responses in children up to 18 years.
  • To synthesize evidence on specific HM components like polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), and immunoglobulins (IgA).

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, searching multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, etc.).
  • Quality assessment using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists.
  • Meta-analysis of selected studies on omega-3 fatty acids and atopic dermatitis.

Main Results:

  • Inverse associations found between HM linolenic/linoleic acid and allergic conditions (food allergy, atopic dermatitis).
  • Infants with atopic dermatitis had lower total omega-3, EPA, and DGLA levels.
  • Associations suggested between 2'-FL, LDFH-I, and IgA with reduced risk of infections like diarrhea and GBS.

Conclusions:

  • HM bioactive compounds, including PUFAs, HMOs, and IgA antibodies, may influence infant allergic and infectious outcomes.
  • Findings on omega-3 fatty acids in atopic dermatitis are exploratory due to high heterogeneity.
  • Further research using multi-omics and longitudinal approaches is needed to understand understudied HM components and their immunological roles.