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Assessment of the Mouth

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Head Acceleration Events Measured by Instrumented Mouthguards in Elite Australian Football.

Lauren J Evans¹, James W Hickey¹, Jonathan Reyes^2,3

¹Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.

Sports Medicine - Open

|February 16, 2026

Summary

Head acceleration events (HAEs) in Australian Rules football differ by sex and playing position. Instrumented mouthguards reveal men experience higher peak impacts, while women have greater rotational acceleration per impact.

Keywords:

Biomechanics Collision sport Concussion Head kinematics Peak linear acceleration Peak rotational acceleration Sensors Sex differences

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Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Biomechanics
Injury Prevention

Background:

Head acceleration events (HAEs) in Australian Rules football are a growing concern.
Instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) allow for accurate HAE quantification.
Limited data exists on HAE incidence and mechanisms in this sport.

Purpose of the Study:

To measure HAEs in elite Australian Rules football players.
To evaluate the influence of playing position and match event on HAE incidence and magnitude.
To compare HAEs between men and women in the sport.

Main Methods:

Utilized HIT-IQ Nexus Gen III iMGs for data collection from AFL and AFLW players.
Collected data from 311 players (126 men, 185 women) in 2023.
Synchronized iMG data with match footage for video verification and coding.

Main Results:

Men had higher mean HAE incidence (≥8g/match) than women, but incidence was comparable when adjusted for time.
Men recorded higher maximum peak linear acceleration (PLA) and peak rotational acceleration (PRA) per match.
Women experienced greater PRA per impact, while PLA was similar. Marking contests and contested ball situations were leading HAE events.
Rucks in men's games had significantly higher HAE incidence compared to other positions.

Conclusions:

Significant differences in HAE incidence, magnitude, and mechanisms exist between sexes and playing positions in elite Australian Rules football.
Findings offer insights into player impact exposure patterns.
Results can inform targeted skill development and policy adjustments to improve player safety.