The Concept of Preventive and Social Medicine in Unani Perspective: Relevance to Modern Healthcare

The Unani system of medicine, rooted in Greco-Arabic traditions, emphasizes prevention, holistic care, and community well-being. While its contributions to individualized healthcare and public hygiene are well-documented historically, attention to its contemporary applicability in addressing global health challenges has remained limited.

To explore the principles of preventive and social medicine (PSM) in the Unani framework, highlight their historical foundation, and assess their relevance in modern healthcare, particularly in relation to lifestyle disorders, mental health, and pandemics.

A narrative review was conducted by analyzing classical Unani texts, historical contributions, and contemporary research. Emphasis was placed on Asbāb Sitta Darūriyya (six essential factors), Mizāj (temperament), and collective health practices described in Unani literature.

Preventive measures in Unani medicine include dietary moderation, exercise-rest balance, Harakat-o-Sukūn Nafsānī (stress regulation), hygiene, and sanitation. Classical physicians such as Ibn Sina advocated quarantine during epidemics, while Galen emphasized sanitation and environmental health. These principles align with modern public health strategies. Recent AYUSH guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic illustrate the potential of integrating Unani regimens and immunity-boosting interventions into mainstream healthcare.

Unani medicine offers a timeless perspective on PSM. Its holistic emphasis on individual well-being, community health, and environmental balance makes it highly relevant to current global healthcare challenges. Future directions include empirical validation of Unani interventions, standardization of practices, and integration into national and global health frameworks.

Unani Medicine, Preventive Health Services, Public Health, Lifestyle Diseases, Mental Health, Pandemics.