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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
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The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Surgical Treatment of an Endolymphatic Sac Tumor
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Angiosarcoma Presenting as Hemifacial Edema.

Alexander R Engelmann1, Kailash Singh2, Catherine J Hwang1

  • 1Department of Oculofacial Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cole Eye Institute.

Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|February 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare cutaneous angiosarcoma caused chronic facial edema in a patient. Early diagnosis via skin biopsy and advanced imaging is crucial for effective treatment of persistent facial swelling.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Chronic, nonspecific facial edema can be challenging to diagnose.
  • Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a rare vascular malignancy with potential for local invasion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of locally advanced cutaneous angiosarcoma presenting as periorbital edema.
  • To recommend a systematic diagnostic approach for chronic facial edema.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive diagnostic workup including advanced imaging (PET-CT) and skin biopsy.
  • Empiric treatments with glucocorticoids and antibiotics were administered.
  • Histopathological examination of a punch biopsy confirmed cutaneous angiosarcoma.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with progressive, asymmetric periorbital edema over 12 months.
  • Positron-emission tomography-CT revealed increased metabolic activity in the periorbital region and lymph nodes.
  • The angiosarcoma was diagnosed as locally advanced and inoperable.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent facial edema necessitates a broad, structured diagnostic approach.
  • Advanced imaging and dermal punch biopsy are vital for diagnosing elusive causes of periorbital edema.
  • Timely diagnosis of cutaneous angiosarcoma is critical for patient management.