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Lattice Evidence that Scalar Glueballs Are Small
Ryan Abbott1, Daniel C Hackett2, Dimitra A Pefkou3,4
1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Theoretical Physics-A Leinweber Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Physical Review Letters
|February 16, 2026
Summary
This study presents the first lattice calculation of scalar glueball gravitational form factors (GFFs). Results suggest glueballs possess a distinct gluonic structure and a smaller mass radius compared to other hadrons.
Area of Science:
- High Energy Physics
- Quantum Field Theory
- Nuclear Physics
Background:
- Understanding the structure of hadrons is crucial in quantum chromodynamics.
- Scalar glueballs are exotic hadrons composed solely of gluons, whose properties remain poorly understood.
- Lattice field theory provides a non-perturbative approach to study these states.
Purpose of the Study:
- To perform the first lattice calculation of the gravitational form factors (GFFs) for the scalar glueball.
- To compare the gluonic structure of scalar glueballs with that of conventional hadrons.
- To determine the mass radius of the scalar glueball.
Main Methods:
- Lattice field theory calculations were employed within the framework of Yang-Mills theory.
- The calculation was performed at a single lattice spacing.
- Gravitational form factors (GFFs) were computed for the scalar glueball.
Main Results:
- The first GFFs for the scalar glueball were successfully calculated.
- Glueball GFFs indicate a different gluonic structure compared to typical hadronic states.
- A mass radius of 0.263(31) fm was predicted for the scalar glueball.
Conclusions:
- Scalar glueballs exhibit a unique gluonic structure distinct from other hadrons.
- The predicted mass radius suggests scalar glueballs are significantly smaller than other hadrons.
- These findings provide crucial insights into the nature of exotic hadrons.
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