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Related Concept Videos

Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
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Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
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Five-Year Outcomes After Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT-Guided Salvage Radiotherapy Following Radical

John Nikitas1,2, Clayton P Smith1, Wesley R Armstrong3

  • 11Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN
|February 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Prostate cancer patients undergoing salvage radiotherapy (sRT) after radical prostatectomy (RP) showed favorable outcomes when management was guided by prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT. This imaging technique improves detection of recurrent disease, aiding treatment decisions.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiotherapy
  • Nuclear Medicine

Background:

  • Salvage radiotherapy (sRT) is standard for prostate cancer recurrence post-radical prostatectomy (RP).
  • Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT enhances detection of recurrent prostate cancer.
  • Evaluating PSMA PET/CT's impact on clinical outcomes after sRT is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the clinical outcomes of PSMA PET/CT-guided management in patients receiving sRT for recurrent prostate cancer.
  • To determine the influence of PSMA PET/CT imaging on progression-free survival (PFS), freedom from distant progression, and overall survival (OS).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 5 prospective PSMA PET/CT studies (2016-2021).
  • Included patients with biochemical recurrence post-RP, who underwent PSMA PET/CT and sRT with ≥24 months follow-up.
  • Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate PFS, freedom from distant progression, and OS, adjusting for clinical factors.

Main Results:

  • 113 patients met inclusion criteria; median follow-up was 59.4 months.
  • PSMA PET/CT identified varying stages of recurrence (TrN0M0, N1M0, M1, T0N0M0).
  • Median PFS was 49.2 months; 5-year OS rate was 97.1%. Whole-pelvis radiotherapy (WPRT) improved PFS in TrN0M0, while androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improved PFS in N1/M1 patients.

Conclusions:

  • PSMA PET/CT-guided sRT is associated with favorable oncologic outcomes in recurrent prostate cancer.
  • Exploratory analysis suggests potential benefits of WPRT for TrN0M0 and ADT for N1/M1 disease.
  • PSMA PET/CT plays a key role in optimizing salvage treatment strategies.