Multimodality imaging in tricuspid regurgitation: A primer

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common condition with prognostic significance, but with limited surgical options. There has been increased interest in the interventional management of TR after three recent clinical trials showing procedural safety and important quality of life gains. Interventional procedures require advanced imaging techniques for characterization of TR etiology, grade, as well as right heart anatomy and function. In this review, we describe the advantages and pitfalls of the main imaging modalities for TR assessment, namely echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance and cardiac computed tomography, including major parameters that require attention on the preoperative evaluation as well as recent imaging advances. In addition, we briefly describe the intraprocedural and postprocedural imaging aspect of tricuspid transcatheter interventions.