Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

621
Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
621
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

1.7K
Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
1.7K
Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action01:28

Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action

3.0K
Depolarizing blockers act on skeletal muscle fibers' membranes and induce their depolarization. Most depolarizing blockers have two quaternary N+ atoms that bind the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and cause neuromuscular blockade within minutes.
Succinylcholine is the most commonly used depolarizing blocker. Chemically, it constitutes two molecules of acetylcholine joined together by an acetate methyl group. They act on the receptors in the same way as acetylcholine. Because...
3.0K
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

734
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
734
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

1.8K
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
1.8K
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

910
Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
910

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical, demographic and genetic features of pediatric limb-girdle muscular dystrophy in the Çukurova region.

Italian journal of pediatrics·2026
Same author

From Misdiagnosis to Treatment: Genetic Landscape and Genotype-Phenotype Correlations of Hyperekplexia.

Pediatric neurology·2026
Same author

Evaluation of near-infrared spectroscopy, transcranial Doppler, and ophthalmic ultrasound measurements in critically Ill pediatric patients with increased intracranial pressure.

Frontiers in pediatrics·2026
Same author

EEG and clinical findings in pediatric epilepsy and control groups using video-based pattern stimulation.

Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape·2026
Same author

Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Titinopathy: A Turkish Pediatric Case Series.

Neuro endocrinology letters·2025
Same author

Evaluation of nutritional status and swallowing functions of children with neuromuscular disordes.

Neuro endocrinology letters·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
07:35

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale

Published on: July 8, 2025

1.4K

Delayed-Onset Acute Chorea Following Anesthesia.

Hande Gazeteci Tekin1, Özgen Hür1, Fatma Kuşgöz1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Neurology, İzmir Bakırçay University; Çiğli Regional Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.

Journal of Child Neurology
|February 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Severe chorea in a child after surgery was linked to anesthesia. Continuous midazolam infusion effectively controlled symptoms when antipsychotics were insufficient, highlighting a potential treatment for postoperative hyperkinesias.

Keywords:
choreapediatricrefractorysurgerytreatment

More Related Videos

Rating L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias in the Unilaterally 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
06:45

Rating L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias in the Unilaterally 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: October 4, 2021

3.5K
Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

15.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
07:35

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale

Published on: July 8, 2025

1.4K
Rating L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias in the Unilaterally 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
06:45

Rating L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias in the Unilaterally 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: October 4, 2021

3.5K
Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

15.6K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Postoperative movement disorders are rare but can be severe.
  • Anesthetic agents can have complex and delayed neurological effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of severe chorea following orthopedic surgery.
  • To explore the potential link between anesthetic agents and delayed-onset chorea.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of midazolam infusion in managing postoperative hyperkinesias.

Main Methods:

  • A case study of an 11-year-old girl with chorea post-surgery.
  • Exclusion of alternative neurological and systemic causes through comprehensive diagnostics.
  • Treatment with continuous midazolam infusion for symptom control.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed severe chorea and behavioral disturbances 24-36 hours post-anesthesia.
  • Extensive workup ruled out infectious, autoimmune, and structural causes.
  • Continuous midazolam infusion provided rapid and effective control of hyperkinetic movements.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthesia, specifically propofol and tramadol, may trigger delayed chorea.
  • Midazolam infusion is a viable therapeutic option for antipsychotic-refractory postoperative hyperkinesias in children.
  • Adverse anesthetic effects can manifest delayed and are not always correlated with drug half-lives.