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HF-rTMS Over the Left and Right DLPFC Enhances Proactive Cognitive Control: An Antisaccade and Pupillometry Study.

Aaron Van Boven1, Viviana Verde1,2, Jens Allaert3

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Summary

High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) over both left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) improved proactive cognitive control. This suggests bilateral DLPFC involvement in regulating cognitive resource allocation for upcoming tasks.

Keywords:
DLPFCantisaccadeproactive controlpupillometryrTMS

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Human Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Proactive cognitive control is crucial for anticipating and preparing for cognitive demands.
  • The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is implicated in proactive control, but its lateralization is debated.
  • Understanding DLPFC lateralization is key to refining models of cognitive control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the lateralization of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in proactive cognitive control.
  • To examine the effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) on DLPFC activity and cognitive control.
  • To explore the role of pupillometry in assessing cognitive resource allocation during proactive control tasks.

Main Methods:

  • A single-blind, sham-controlled, within-subject, randomized study involving 31 healthy participants.
  • Application of active and sham high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) over the left and right DLPFC.
  • Utilized the antisaccade task combined with pupillometry to measure proactive cognitive control and resource allocation.

Main Results:

  • Exploratory analyses revealed significantly shorter fixation latencies in antisaccade trials after both left and right DLPFC HF-rTMS compared to sham.
  • Pupil size during the anticipatory phase (phasic resource allocation) was larger following active left and right DLPFC stimulation.
  • Larger anticipatory pupil size correlated with shorter antisaccade fixation latencies, while tonic pupil size effects varied with stimulation condition.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the involvement of both left and right DLPFC in proactive cognitive control.
  • Bilateral DLPFC stimulation modulates anticipatory cognitive resource allocation, as evidenced by pupillometry.
  • This study helps reconcile previous mixed findings regarding DLPFC lateralization in cognitive control.