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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
Palladium-Catalyzed Directed C(sp3)-H Activation/Lactonization Cascade of 2-Acyl N-Heteroarenes with 2-Halobenzoic
Mahesh Anil Sonawane1,2, Dinesh G Thakur1,2, Raj N Patel1,2
1Marine Natural Products and Biopolymers Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
Abstract:
A palladium-catalyzed, N-directed C(sp3)-H functionalization and intramolecular lactonization of 2-acyl N-heteroarenes with 2-halobenzoic acids is reported, providing an efficient synthetic route to access N-heteroarene-substituted isocoumarins. The protocol demonstrates a broad substrate scope and chemoselectivity and is tolerant of diverse N-heteroarene and benzoic acid derivatives. The observed inverse kinetic isotope effect is likely a secondary isotope effect resulting from the sp2 to sp3 rehybridization of the acyl methyl carbon, to which the proton or deuteron is attached.
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