Maximum calf circumference as a potential index of normal-weight obesity in healthy young males

[Purpose] This study aimed to clarify the utility of maximum calf circumference by analyzing its relationship with body composition and whole-body endurance in healthy young Japanese males. [Participants and Methods] This cross-sectional exploratory study included 30 healthy young male participants, aged 19.1 ± 0.3 years. Maximum calf circumference was measured using a measuring tape, and body composition was measured using a bioimpedance device. Oxygen uptake and heart rate were measured during a multistage continuous treadmill test, and maximum oxygen uptake was estimated by calculating a linear regression equation based on the relationship between heart rate and oxygen uptake. Associations between maximum calf circumference and maximum oxygen uptake adjusted for body composition values were examined using Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis. [Results] Maximum calf circumference showed moderately to highly significant positive correlations with all body composition parameters (body mass index, skeletal muscle mass, fat free mass, body fat mass, and phase angle). Maximum oxygen uptake per fat mass showed moderately significant negative correlations with maximum calf circumference. [Conclusion] These findings indicate that maximum calf circumference may serve as a useful potential index for checking normal-weight obesity in young males considered healthy based on body mass index.