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Eutectogel-Based Antifouling Interface: Addressing Sensitivity and Accuracy Challenges in Complex Serum.

Xingxin Shi¹, Jiawei Li¹, Jianquan Shen²

¹Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.

Analytical Chemistry

|February 17, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel eutectogel enhances electrochemical biosensors for detecting cancer biomarkers in serum. This antifouling material improves conductivity and stability, enabling ultrasensitive and reliable diagnostics for early cancer detection.

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Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Nonspecific adsorption in biological samples hinders electrochemical biosensor clinical use.
Existing antifouling strategies suffer from poor conductivity and stability in complex matrices like serum.
This limits sensor sensitivity and accuracy for real-world diagnostic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a multifunctional eutectogel with superior antifouling properties, conductivity, and stability.
To enable ultrasensitive and reliable electrochemical sensing in complex serum samples.
To address the limitations of current antifouling strategies in biosensor development.

Main Methods:

Synthesized a eutectogel using choline chloride/ethylene glycol, CBMA, SBMA monomers, and LMNPs@rGO.
Incorporated liquid metal nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide (LMNPs@rGO) for conductivity and initiation.
Evaluated antifouling performance in undiluted serum and tested sensor performance using carbohydrate antigen 19-9.

Main Results:

The eutectogel demonstrated excellent conductivity (0.9546 S·m^-1) and antifouling capability, reducing impedance changes by ~4.68-fold compared to BSA.
Antifouling performance remained stable for up to 72 hours of continuous incubation in serum.
The sensor achieved a wide linear detection range (10 μU·mL^-1 to 100 U·mL^-1) and an ultralow detection limit (0.4554 μU·mL^-1) for CA19-9.

Conclusions:

The multifunctional eutectogel overcomes key challenges in electrochemical biosensing for complex biological samples.
This material enables highly sensitive and stable detection of biomarkers in serum.
The developed sensor shows significant potential for early cancer diagnosis and monitoring.