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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

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Cell-specific transcriptomics and knockout reveal aquaporin function in grass stomatal movements.

Lei Ding1, Maxime J Laurent1, Sylvain Legay2

  • 1Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.

The New Phytologist
|February 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maize guard cells (GCs) and subsidiary cells (SCs) show distinct gene expression patterns. Knocking out ZmPIP1 aquaporins in GCs enhances stomatal opening, especially under water stress.

Keywords:
RNA‐seqaquaporinscell‐specific knockoutguard cellsmaizephylogenetic analysisstomatal movementsubsidiary cells

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Grass stomatal movement relies on a unique four-celled structure involving guard cells (GCs) and subsidiary cells (SCs).
  • The molecular mechanisms governing cell-to-cell interactions within this structure remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gene expression, including aquaporins (AQPs), in maize GCs and SCs.
  • To elucidate the roles of specific aquaporins, ZmPIP1s, in stomatal regulation using a CRISPR-based knockout system.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing of microdissected GCs and SCs from maize epidermis at day and night.
  • CRISPR-based tissue-specific knockout of ZmPIP1 genes in GCs or SCs.
  • Transcriptomic analysis and phenotypic evaluation of knockout mutants under varying water conditions.

Main Results:

  • Significant transcriptomic differences were observed between GCs and SCs, with SCs enriched in lipid metabolism genes and GCs in photosynthesis-related genes.
  • Several aquaporin (AQP) genes exhibited spatial and temporal expression variations.
  • Knockout of ZmPIP1s in GCs led to increased stomatal opening, particularly under mild water deficit.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct transcriptomic profiles exist between maize GCs and SCs, offering insights into grass stomatal regulation.
  • ZmPIP1 aquaporins play a crucial role in regulating stomatal movement in maize.