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The Mathematics Anxiety-Complexity Effect in Word Problems.

Gabriella Daroczy^1,2, Felix Cramer¹, Christina Artemenko^1,2,3

¹Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)

|February 17, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Math anxiety hinders word problem-solving, especially when linguistic complexity increases. This anxiety impacts translating text into math, not arithmetic difficulty itself.

Keywords:

anxiety-complexity effect arithmetic complexity lexical consistency mathematics anxiety online experiment word problems

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Educational Psychology
Mathematics Education

Background:

Word problems demand both mathematical and linguistic skills.
Mathematics (math) anxiety can negatively impact performance, particularly with increased task complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how math anxiety affects word problem-solving performance.
To determine if math anxiety's impact is amplified by increased mathematical or linguistic difficulty.

Main Methods:

An online experiment was conducted with 129 adult participants.
Participants' math anxiety levels and word problem-solving performance were assessed.
Word problems varied in arithmetic (carry/borrow operations) and linguistic (lexical consistency) difficulty.

Main Results:

Higher math anxiety correlated with lower word problem-solving performance.
Math anxiety significantly impacted performance on linguistically difficult problems.
No significant impact of math anxiety was found on arithmetically difficult problems.

Conclusions:

The anxiety-complexity effect in word problems is linked to math anxiety's influence on linguistic processing.
Individuals with math anxiety struggle more with the translation of text into mathematical operations when the language is complex.
Interventions should consider addressing linguistic challenges in word problems for math-anxious students.