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Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...

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Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Imaging of the Microstructural Failure Mechanism in the Human Hip

Imaging of the Microstructural Failure Mechanism in the Human Hip

Published on: September 29, 2023

Integrating Multiscale FE2M Simulations and Experiments to Predict Microcrack Damage in Cartilage.

Kosar Safari^1,2, Ashkan Almasi^1,2, Phoebe Szarek^1,3

¹School of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269.

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

|February 17, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Articular cartilage microdamage, a precursor to osteoarthritis (OA), can be predicted using a multiscale computational model. This framework accurately captures collagen network failure under impact and cyclic loading, aiding OA research.

Keywords:

cartilage collagen fiber constitutive modeling experimental validation finite element analysis microcracks

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Computational Mechanics
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Articular cartilage is susceptible to microdamage from impacts, potentially leading to osteoarthritis (OA).
Understanding collagen network mechanics is crucial for predicting cartilage failure.
Existing models often lack multiscale integration for accurate damage prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a multiscale computational framework (FE2M) for predicting microdamage initiation and propagation in articular cartilage.
To couple macroscale cartilage deformation with microscale fibril mechanics.
To investigate the role of stress versus stretch in cartilage failure.

Main Methods:

Utilized the Finite Elements of Multiscale Mixtures (FE2M) framework within FEBio.
Generated Statistically Equivalent Representative Volume Elements (SERVEs) to model anisotropic collagen architecture.
Simulated impact and cyclic compression loading conditions, validated against experimental data.

Main Results:

FE2M predictions of fiber failure fractions strongly agreed with experimentally measured microcrack fractions.
High-impact simulations showed stress, not stretch, as a more reliable predictor of failure.
Model demonstrated robustness to variations in fibril stiffness parameters.

Conclusions:

The validated FE2M framework accurately captures multiscale mechanical behavior and microdamage trends in articular cartilage.
This approach offers a predictive tool for understanding cartilage degeneration.
Potential applications include injury risk assessment and OA prevention strategies.