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Nursing professionals face occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals, leading to genotoxic effects. This review highlights the need for improved monitoring and protective measures to prevent long-term genetic damage in nurses.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Genetics
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Nursing professionals are routinely exposed to hazardous chemicals like disinfectants, anesthetic gases, and cytotoxic drugs in healthcare settings.
  • This exposure raises significant concerns regarding potential genotoxic effects and long-term health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and investigate the genotoxicity associated with occupational exposures commonly encountered by nursing staff.
  • To synthesize evidence on DNA damage biomarkers in nursing professionals exposed to workplace chemicals.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted in August 2025 across major databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science).
  • Included studies (n=16) evaluated DNA damage using biomarkers such as the micronucleus assay, comet assay, and chromosomal aberration tests in human or mammalian cells.

Main Results:

  • All 16 studies consistently reported genotoxic effects linked to occupational exposure in nursing staff.
  • Observed effects included increased frequencies of micronuclei, DNA strand breaks, and chromosomal alterations.
  • A quality assessment revealed that 15 out of 16 studies possessed moderate to strong methodological rigor.

Conclusions:

  • The findings confirm significant genotoxic risks for nursing professionals due to occupational chemical exposures.
  • Enhanced monitoring and protective strategies are crucial to mitigate long-term genetic damage in this population.
  • The micronucleus assay is identified as a suitable biomarker for biomonitoring nursing professionals.