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Impact of immune checkpoint inhibition on ovarian reserve

Elizabeth I Buchbinder1, Zihe Song2, Justine V Cohen1

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

The Oncologist
|February 17, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Immune checkpoint inhibitors may impact fertility. Young women with melanoma treated with ipilimumab showed reduced anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a key ovarian reserve marker, suggesting potential fertility concerns.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are standard cancer treatments, including for young women.
  • The effects of ICIs on fertility are largely unknown.
  • Assessing fertility impact is crucial for this demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of ipilimumab (an ICI) on ovarian reserve markers in young women with melanoma.
  • To investigate potential fertility implications of ICI therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of hormones associated with ovarian reserve.
  • Study focused on young women with melanoma treated with ipilimumab.
  • Measured anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels.

Main Results:

  • A reduction in AMH was observed in patients treated with ipilimumab.
  • This reduction was also noted in patients receiving targeted therapy.
  • AMH is a significant marker of ovarian reserve.

Conclusions:

  • ICI therapy, including ipilimumab, may affect ovarian reserve.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the impact of ICIs on fertility.
  • These findings highlight the importance of fertility preservation discussions in cancer care.
Keywords:
immune checkpoint inhibitionmelanomaovarian reserve

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