Recent developments in sorbent-based microextraction techniques for the processing of complex matrices

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Green Chemistry
• Materials Science

Background:

• Sample preparation is crucial for accurate analysis of target analytes in complex matrices.
• Sorbent-based microextraction techniques are favored for their low solvent use, miniaturization, and automation compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in sorbent materials, automation, and integration for microextraction techniques.
• To discuss the application of microextraction in biological, food, and environmental analyses.
• To explore green approaches and future perspectives in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on sorbent materials including monolithic polymers, metal-organic frameworks, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphitic carbon nitride.
• Discussion of advancements in automation, miniaturization, and hyphenation with analytical instruments.
• Exploration of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and mixed-mode/bi-functionalized sorbents for selective and simultaneous extraction.

Main Results:

• Novel sorbent materials offer large surface areas, stability, and strong adsorption capacities for complex matrices.
• Miniaturization and integration with hyphenated instruments represent key green approaches in microextraction.
• MIPs provide high selectivity, while mixed-mode sorbents enable simultaneous extraction of multiple analytes.

Conclusions:

• Microextraction techniques are evolving with new sorbent materials and automation for enhanced analytical performance.
• Green approaches in microextraction focus on reducing solvent consumption and improving efficiency.
• Future perspectives include addressing challenges like sorbent reproducibility and scalability for broader applications in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.