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Updated: Feb 19, 2026

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Coral-CRCA: A Color-Reference Chart Automation algorithm for coral bleaching visualization and severity assessment.

Mahmoud Elmezain1, Atif Sultan1, Mobeen Ur Rehman2

  • 1Khalifa University Center for Autonomous Robotic Systems (KUCARS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

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|February 17, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an automated AI system for coral bleaching assessment using underwater images and color charts. The Coral-CRCA algorithm accurately quantifies bleaching levels, aiding marine ecosystem monitoring.

Keywords:
AI and computer vision for coralsCoral bleaching analysisCoral monitoringCoral reefsCoralWatch automationEcological conservationUnderwater computer vision

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Ecosystem Monitoring
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Coral reefs are vital marine ecosystems threatened by rising sea temperatures and pollution, leading to widespread bleaching.
  • Current monitoring methods are labor-intensive and struggle with underwater image quality.
  • Existing AI approaches lack fine-grained localization and full automation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a fully automated algorithm for coral bleaching evaluation using underwater images and color-reference charts.
  • To improve the accuracy and efficiency of coral reef health monitoring.
  • To address limitations of manual annotation and image noise in current methods.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed Coral Color-Reference Chart Automation (Coral-CRCA), a multi-stage algorithm.
  • Implemented image denoising for underwater distortions.
  • Automated coral segmentation, chart analysis, and pixel-level bleaching assessment using color similarity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 19.17% Mean Absolute Error in bleaching percentage estimation.
  • Reached 96.12% binary classification accuracy (bleached/healthy).
  • Demonstrated expert-level performance on 3400 field-collected images from the Arabian/Persian Gulf.

Conclusions:

  • The Coral-CRCA algorithm successfully automates coral bleaching evaluation, matching expert performance.
  • This AI-driven approach enhances the robustness and accuracy of monitoring degraded coral reefs.
  • The developed system offers a scalable solution for assessing coral health globally.