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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

1.1K
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
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Improved light charged particle identification method using grid ionization chamber at CSNS Back-n White Neutron

Hai-Zheng Chen1, Juan Liu2, Ruirui Fan3

  • 1Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; Spallation Neutron Source Science Center (SNSSC), Dongguan, 523803, China.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|February 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method to accurately measure particle yield at high neutron flux facilities. It corrects for simultaneous particle events, improving data accuracy for nuclear reaction studies.

Keywords:
CSNS back-n white neutron sourceDouble-tritonGrid ionization chamberMulti-parameter analysisParticle identification

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Detector Technology
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • The Light-Charged Particle Detector Array (LPDA) at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) faces event pile-up due to high neutron flux.
  • Existing methods for the 6Li(n, t)4He reaction channel underestimate particle yield by ignoring simultaneous triton events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for resolving pile-up events in high-flux environments.
  • To accurately quantify particle yield by accounting for simultaneous particle detection.

Main Methods:

  • A new function g(E,R(E)) was developed to relate particle energy (E) to ionization range (R(E)).
  • Multi-parameter analysis was performed on neutron energy data from 0.3 eV to 1 MeV.
  • Statistical distributions were used to extract the proportion of double-triton events.

Main Results:

  • Double-triton events were identified as 3.4% of total counts.
  • Triton events constituted 94.6% of total counts.
  • Invalid events accounted for 2% of total counts.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method successfully resolves pile-up events under high-flux conditions.
  • This work provides a feasible approach for detector design in high-rate environments like nuclear reactors and accelerator-driven systems.