Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

8.1K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
8.1K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

5.8K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
5.8K
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

212
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
212
Therapeutic Index01:13

Therapeutic Index

7.0K
The therapeutic index of a drug is a key parameter in pharmacology that quantifies the relative safety of a drug by calculating the ratio between the dose that causes toxicity in half the population (50%) to the dose that proves to be effective for half the population (50%). It provides a spectrum of doses for a particular drug ranging from effective to potentially toxic. To illustrate, consider an anticoagulant agent like warfarin. It possesses a narrow window within its therapeutic index to...
7.0K
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

258
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
258
Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications01:09

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

169
The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...
169

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neonatal reference intervals for salivary steroids: focus on prematurity, stressful events and perinatal betamethasone.

Frontiers in pediatrics·2026
Same author

Thyroxine Treatment of Adult RTHα Patients: Safety, Efficacy, and Metabolomic Changes.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2026
Same author

Simultaneous quantitation of free testosterone and free thyroid hormones in human serum by equilibrium dialysis LC-MS/MS.

Analytica chimica acta·2026
Same author

Genome-wide profiling of salivary promoter-region DNA methylation in periodontitis: the Tromsø Study.

BMC medical genomics·2026
Same author

Gut Microbiome Diversity and Uric Acid in Serum and Urine.

Kidney international reports·2025
Same author

Can supplements with prebiotic fibres positively influence bone health in type 2 diabetes? Insights from a randomised controlled crossover trial.

Archives of osteoporosis·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.3K

Indirect reference intervals for thyroid function tests: refineR, RefLim and effects of pathological test results.

Finn Erik Aas1, Alexander Bauer Westbye1, Magnus A R Husøy2

  • 1Hormone Laboratory, Dept. Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, PO Box 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, PO Box 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.

Clinical Biochemistry
|February 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Indirect methods for thyroid function test (TFT) reference intervals (RIs) are easily calculated but influenced by laboratory data. Laboratories should be aware of factors affecting indirect RIs, as manufacturer RIs may differ significantly from in-house RIs.

Keywords:
HUNT4Indirect reference intervalThyroidrefineR

More Related Videos

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

Published on: June 6, 2014

12.1K
Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.3K
An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

Published on: June 6, 2014

12.1K
Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Clinical chemistry
  • Laboratory medicine
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Reference intervals (RIs) are crucial for interpreting biochemical tests.
  • Indirect RI calculation methods are increasingly used, especially for thyroid function tests (TFTs).
  • Thyroid disorders are prevalent, particularly in women, necessitating accurate TFT monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors influencing indirect TFT RIs using real-world data from two distinct laboratories.
  • To compare indirect RIs with direct RIs from a manufacturer and a reference population.
  • To assess the impact of pathological results and algorithm choice on indirect RI construction.

Main Methods:

  • Indirect RIs were calculated using refineR and RefLim algorithms for TSH, FT4, and FT3.
  • Total thyroxine (TT4) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) RIs were also analyzed for one laboratory.
  • Indirect RIs were compared against Abbott's direct RIs and HUNT4 reference population RIs.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid function test RIs varied significantly between laboratories, with discrepancies reduced after removing pathological results.
  • The choice of indirect RI algorithm impacted the calculated intervals.
  • Indirect RIs were generally wider than direct RIs from the HUNT4 population, and narrower than Abbott-provided RIs, especially for FT4 and FT3.

Conclusions:

  • Indirect RIs for TFTs are straightforward to compute but sensitive to various factors.
  • Laboratories must consider data characteristics and algorithm selection when establishing indirect RIs.
  • Manufacturer-provided RIs may not align with in-house calculated RIs, highlighting the need for laboratory-specific validation.