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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Potential-dependent interfacial specific adsorption accelerates charge transfer in sodium-ion batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Fast-charging sodium-ion batteries are crucial for energy storage.
  • P2-type oxide electrodes offer fast sodium-ion mobility but suffer from polarization and interfacial charge transfer issues at high states of charge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the high-rate capacity and kinetic response of P2-type oxide positive electrodes for sodium-ion batteries.
  • To investigate strategies for mitigating electrochemical polarization and interfacial charge transfer limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized and characterized a typical P2-type oxide electrode (Na0.7Ni0.27Mn0.53Cu0.04Fe0.08Ti0.08O2).
  • Investigated the role of Z-phase intergrowth structure in suppressing phase evolution and oxygen redox.
  • Analyzed anion-specific adsorption and competitive adsorption mechanisms at the electrode/electrolyte interface using electrochemical methods.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high-rate capacities by avoiding stacking faults, maintaining lattice oxygen activity, and controlling anion adsorption.
  • The Z-phase intergrowth structure effectively reduced kinetic polarization and thermodynamic hysteresis.
  • Optimized anion-specific adsorption accelerated interfacial charge transfer and formed a protective F-rich cathode/electrolyte interphase.
  • Demonstrated mitigation of transition metal dissolution and surface lattice collapse for stable cycling.

Conclusions:

  • Synergistic coupling between bulk phase stability and interfacial optimization is key for fast sodium-ion transport.
  • The developed electrode design and interfacial control enable high-rate performance and long-term stability in sodium-ion batteries.
  • This work provides insights into optimizing electrode materials and interfaces for advanced energy storage solutions.