Seizure samples reveal complex evolutionary dynamics among Southeast Asian pangolins.

Area of Science:

• Genomics
• Conservation Biology
• Evolutionary Biology

Background:

• Delineated taxonomic units are essential for effective conservation, especially for threatened Asian pangolins.
• Previous genomic studies suggested distinctions but had limited representation of key lineages like Manis cf. mysteria, Manis javanica, and Manis culionensis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively sample seizure materials to verify genomic distinctions among Asian pangolin lineages.
• To investigate the evolutionary complexity and genetic variation within and between Manis cf. mysteria, Manis javanica, and Manis culionensis.

Main Methods:

• Broad sampling of seizure materials for genomic analysis.
• Comparative genomic analysis of Manis cf. mysteria, Manis javanica, and Manis culionensis.
• Assessment of mitonuclear discordance, admixture, and heterozygosity.

Main Results:

• Manis cf. mysteria, Manis javanica, and Manis culionensis form distinct clades with deep divergences.
• New samples of Manis cf. mysteria show mitonuclear discordance and admixture with Manis javanica.
• Manis cf. mysteria exhibits higher individual heterozygosity compared to its sister taxa.

Conclusions:

• Contemporary evolutionary dynamics of Southeast Asian pangolins are more complex than previously understood.
• Admixture and genetic variation present barriers to timely and practical conservation efforts for trafficked pangolin taxa.
• Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps for effective pangolin conservation policy and management.