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Sequence-Modulated Active Tripeptide Condensates for Tandem Catalysis.

Hao Han1, Siyu Song2, Jianqiang Wang1

  • 1College of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|February 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed simple tripeptide coacervates that mimic dynamic cellular organelles. These peptide-based condensates offer tunable phase separation and enable confined reactions within artificial cells, advancing biomimetic microreactor design.

Keywords:
active coacervatescascade reactionmicroreactorshort peptidessynthetic cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Biomolecular condensates regulate cellular functions through liquid-liquid phase separation.
  • Peptide coacervates offer a model for biomolecular condensates but face challenges in structural complexity and phase-separation control.
  • Adaptive organelles are crucial for dynamic cellular regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create minimalistic peptide systems with tunable phase-separation behaviors.
  • To develop adaptive sub-organelles for artificial cells using peptide coacervates.
  • To demonstrate the potential of peptide coacervates as biomimetic microreactors.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized short tripeptide coacervates with controlled composition and sequence.
  • Investigated enzyme-regulated phase-separation properties of the tripeptide condensates.
  • Incorporated coacervates into membrane-bound artificial cells to orchestrate catalytic cascades.

Main Results:

  • Achieved tunable phase-separation in tripeptide coacervates by altering composition and sequence.
  • Demonstrated enzyme-regulated phase-separation, mimicking natural biomolecular condensates.
  • Showcased the ability of coacervates to sequester both hydrophobic and hydrophilic species for confined tandem reactions.
  • Successfully utilized tripeptide coacervates as adaptive sub-organelles in artificial cells.

Conclusions:

  • Minimalistic tripeptide coacervates offer a simplified yet effective model for dynamic biomolecular condensates.
  • These peptide systems provide tunable phase-separation and compartmentalization for catalytic reactions.
  • The developed coacervates show promise as adaptive sub-organelles and functional microreactors in synthetic biology.