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Defining the domains and knowledge areas for pharmacy supply chain practice: A consensus-driven study
Michael Stepanovic1, Stephen F Eckel2,3, Kathryn A Morbitzer1
1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Summary
A new 5-domain framework for pharmacy supply chain (PSC) practice was validated to guide curriculum development. This framework addresses key knowledge areas, preparing pharmacists for leadership in complex medication supply systems.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Practice
- Supply Chain Management
- Educational Frameworks
Background:
- Pharmacists are increasingly involved in strategic roles within the pharmacy supply chain (PSC), including procurement and logistics.
- The evolving demands of PSC leadership necessitate structured educational preparation for pharmacists.
- Current educational offerings may not fully address the specialized knowledge required for effective PSC practice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define essential knowledge domains and areas for effective pharmacy supply chain (PSC) practice.
- To establish a validated framework to guide the development of PSC curricula for pharmacists.
- To prepare pharmacists for leadership roles in complex medication supply systems.
Main Methods:
- A 3-phase, national, consensus-based study involving 22 pharmacy leaders from spring 2024 to spring 2025.
- Phase 1: Structured focus groups (n=10). Phase 2: Independent curriculum review (n=12). Phase 3: Modified Delphi consensus survey.
- Benchmarking of curricula from 12 US-based supply chain programs to assess topic coverage.
Main Results:
- A 5-domain framework for PSC practice was developed: Manufacturer (Supply and Procurement), Distribution (Logistics, Inventory, and Warehousing), Operations (Procurement, Management, and Automation), Medication Use Management (Practice, Value, and Patient Care), and Overarching Competencies.
- All developed domains achieved the consensus threshold of ≥80% agreement.
- Participants identified traditional supply chain topics as important but infrequently used, favoring pharmacy-specific knowledge areas.
Conclusions:
- This study presents the first validated framework for pharmacy supply chain (PSC) education.
- The framework provides a foundation for developing pharmacy-specific curricula aligned with current practice needs.
- It aims to equip pharmacists with the necessary skills to lead in complex and evolving supply chain environments.
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