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Analyzing the Relationship Between Aggression, Rule Violations, and Head Contact Events in Canadian Competitive Minor
Connor S McFaul1, Benjamin P Krbavac1,2, Jarett Cutler1
1School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Sports Health
|February 18, 2026
Summary
Most head contact in youth hockey occurs during legal, nonaggressive play. This research uses video analysis to understand injury causes in bodychecking, aiming for better prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Biomechanics
- Injury Prevention
Background:
- Youth hockey in Canada has high participation rates.
- Head injuries are a significant concern in bodychecking hockey.
- Limited research exists on the specific causes of head injuries during gameplay using video analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if head contact (HC) events in youth bodychecking hockey result from rule-compliant play or aggressive actions.
- To analyze the context of head impacts to differentiate between legal and aggressive gameplay.
Main Methods:
- Utilized descriptive observational video analysis of verified head impact data.
- Analyzed 249 head impacts from 48 under-15 (U15) and under-18 (U18) bodychecking hockey games.
- Assessed gameplay as penalty vs. no penalty and aggressive vs. nonaggressive, based on defined criteria rather than referee calls.
Main Results:
- Approximately 68% of head contact events were linked to nonaggressive play.
- Around 67% of head contact events occurred during play considered within the rules of hockey.
- Findings indicate that most head impacts are not a result of penalties or overtly aggressive behavior.
Conclusions:
- Head contact events in elite youth bodychecking hockey are predominantly associated with legal and nonaggressive gameplay.
- Current rules penalize aggressive play but do not fully prevent head contact.
- Video analysis provides insights into injury event contexts, aiding the shift towards injury prevention in youth hockey.
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