Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

43.8K
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
43.8K
Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

5.5K
Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
5.5K
Dreaming01:30

Dreaming

536
Sigmund Freud revolutionized our understanding of dreams by proposing that they are a window into the unconscious mind. According to Freud, dreams are not mere stories our minds create while we sleep but are profoundly meaningful narratives about our hidden desires and fears. He introduced two key concepts: manifest content and latent content. The manifest content is the actual content and imagery of the dream — what we remember when we wake up. The latent content, however, represents the...
536
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory01:29

Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory

2.1K
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory revolutionized psychology by introducing the idea that unconscious forces significantly shape human behavior. According to Freud, every psychological event is driven by deep-seated internal forces, often formed during early childhood. His theory, built on the premises of psychic determinism, symbolic meaning, and unconscious motivation, offers a unique perspective on the complexities of human behavior.
Freud's concept of psychic determinism asserts...
2.1K
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

737
Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
737
Jung's Analytical Theory01:23

Jung's Analytical Theory

1.2K
Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist and former follower of Freud, eventually broke away from Freud's ideas to create his framework, analytical psychology. This approach emphasizes achieving a balance between the conscious and unconscious aspects of the mind and reconciling various experiences within an individual's personality. Jung believed that this process, which typically unfolds in the latter part of life, involves an ongoing journey of recognizing and incorporating unconscious...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rapid <sup>64</sup>Cu radiolabeling and in vivo evaluation of DSPE-NODAGA liposomes in a murine mammary tumor model.

Pharmacological research·2025
Same author

Liposomal Nω-hydroxy-l-norarginine, a proof-of-concept: Arginase inhibitors can be incorporated in liposomes while retaining their therapeutic activity ex vivo.

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·2024
Same author

Liposomes - Human phagocytes interplay in whole blood: effect of liposome design.

Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine·2023
Same author

Chronic appendicitis: two case reports.

Journal of medical case reports·2022
Same author

Design and evaluation of nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with Salvia officinalis extract for Alzheimer's disease treatment.

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials·2022
Same author

<sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT Findings in Cytomegalovirus Colitis.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment
07:20

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment

Published on: March 8, 2019

14.3K

Embodied simulation, body language, and symbolization: understanding somatic symptoms in psychoanalysis.

Elena Markova1, Gabriel Enache2

  • 1Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis, Moscow, Russia.

Frontiers in Psychology
|February 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Psychoanalytic therapy increasingly recognizes the role of body language and embodied simulation in treating somatic symptoms, especially when verbal communication fails. This research highlights how failures in mentalization and symbolization manifest somatically, with AI lacking the embodied resonance crucial for therapeutic progress.

Keywords:
body languageembodied simulationpsychoanalysissomatic symptomssymbolization

More Related Videos

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
08:01

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency

Published on: October 28, 2020

6.1K
Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine
07:05

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Published on: October 27, 2016

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment
07:20

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment

Published on: March 8, 2019

14.3K
Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
08:01

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency

Published on: October 28, 2020

6.1K
Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine
07:05

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Published on: October 27, 2016

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychotherapy
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Classical psychoanalysis emphasized verbal communication ('talking cure').
  • Contemporary research highlights embodied simulation and non-verbal communication in psychotherapy.
  • Somatic symptoms can arise from failures in symbolization, particularly when verbal expression is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the interplay between early development, mentalization, language acquisition, and somatic disorders.
  • To examine transference-countertransference interactions as a lens for understanding failures in symbolization.
  • To investigate the role of embodied simulation and intercorporeality in therapeutic communication.

Main Methods:

  • Phenomenological observation of interbody communication in psychotherapy.
  • Integration of theories on intersubjectivity, embodied simulation, and interbrain synchronization.
  • Analysis of clinical vignettes illustrating symbolization failure and embodied countertransference.
  • Comparison of human-AI interaction with therapeutic intercorporeality.

Main Results:

  • Somatic symptoms emerge when mentalization fails, leading to concrete enactments.
  • Embodied countertransference in therapists may indicate pathological intersubjective resonance.
  • AI, lacking bodily resonance, cannot replicate therapeutic processes reliant on embodied simulation.
  • Symbolization failure manifests as bodily distress and intercorporeal communication challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Therapeutic communication involves pre-verbal, intercorporeal dimensions crucial for processing somatic symptoms.
  • Failures in mentalization and symbolization have neurobiological underpinnings related to intersubjective resonance.
  • AI technologies cannot replace the embodied, intersubjective aspects of human therapeutic relationships.
  • Understanding embodied communication is vital for psychoanalytic practice and highlights risks associated with AI in therapy.