Hashimoto's thyroiditis: from pathogenesis to clinical management.

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Immunology
• Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

• Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a leading cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient areas.
• Characterized by autoantibodies (TPOAb, TGAb) and lymphocytic infiltration.
• HT prevalence is rising, affecting adult women four times more than men.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a narrative review of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
• To discuss the pathogenesis, current status, and treatment challenges of HT.
• To offer a theoretical basis for improving clinical practice and research.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of HT.
• Analysis of epidemiological data on HT prevalence.
• Synthesis of current understanding of HT management.

Main Results:

• HT pathogenesis involves genetic, environmental, and immune factors.
• Diagnosis relies on autoantibody tests (TPOAb/TGAb) and ultrasound.
• Levothyroxine (T4) is the standard treatment, but challenges remain.

Conclusions:

• Optimizing HT treatment requires a deeper understanding of its complex pathogenesis.
• Further research is needed to address current treatment limitations.
• This review provides a foundation for future clinical and research endeavors in HT.