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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Comprehensive Protocol to Sample and Process Bone Marrow for Measuring Measurable Residual Disease and Leukemic Stem Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Comprehensive Protocol to Sample and Process Bone Marrow for Measuring Measurable Residual Disease and Leukemic Stem Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Published on: March 5, 2018

Measurable Residual Disease Assessment in B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia Using 5- and 10-Color Flow Cytometry: An

Anand V Narayanan¹, Mohandoss Murugesan², Chandran Nair³

¹Oncopathology, Malabar Cancer Centre, Kannur, IND.

|February 18, 2026

Summary

Five-color flow cytometry offers practical measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment in B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Ten-color flow cytometry provides enhanced immunophenotypic detail and better detection of low-level MRD, supporting its routine use alongside morphology.

Keywords:

b-all flow cytometry immunophenotype mrd post-induction

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Database-guided Flow-cytometry for Evaluation of Bone Marrow Myeloid Cell Maturation

Database-guided Flow-cytometry for Evaluation of Bone Marrow Myeloid Cell Maturation

Published on: November 3, 2018

Area of Science:

Hematology
Immunology
Oncology

Background:

Measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment is crucial for B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) prognosis.
Advances in multicolor flow cytometry enhance MRD detection capabilities.
Limited real-world data exists comparing 5-color and 10-color flow cytometry for MRD assessment in B-ALL.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare MRD detection efficacy between 5-color and 10-color flow cytometry in B-ALL.
To evaluate leukemia-associated immunophenotype (LAIP) expression patterns and concordance with morphology.
To assess the impact of flow cytometry panel size on MRD detection and characterization.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 172 paired B-ALL samples (2018-2024).
MRD evaluation using predefined LAIPs on 5-color (lower event acquisition) and 10-color (higher event acquisition) platforms.
MRD positivity defined as ≥10 clustered aberrant events with abnormal antigen expression.

Main Results:

Overall MRD positivity rates were similar: 23.5% (5-color) and 21.5% (10-color).
CD58 overexpression was the most reproducible LAIP on both platforms.
10-color cytometry revealed finer antigen shifts and lower MRD detection limits, with >2/3 of MRD+ cases negative by morphology.

Conclusions:

Five-color flow cytometry is practical for MRD assessment in B-ALL.
Ten-color flow cytometry offers superior immunophenotypic detail and improved low-level MRD detection.
Routine MRD evaluation by flow cytometry alongside morphology is recommended for post-induction assessment and risk-adapted management in B-ALL.