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The Common Immune Responses Differences from Transcriptomic Profiling in Cardiomyocytes upon Coxsackievirus B5 and

Yi Xu1, Xianwu Lan1, Jianwei Chen1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.

Advanced Biology
|February 18, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Viral myocarditis (VMC) involves enterovirus infections. This study compared Coxsackievirus B5 and Echovirus 6 in human cardiomyocytes, revealing key immune responses and Ribavirin

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a serious heart condition often caused by enteroviruses.
  • The precise mechanisms of VMC pathogenesis by enteroviruses are not fully understood.
  • Investigating host immune responses in cardiomyocytes is crucial for understanding VMC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the host immune response transcriptomics of human cardiomyocytes infected with Coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) and Echovirus 6 (ECHO6).
  • To identify common immune and inflammatory gene expression patterns induced by CVB5 and ECHO6.
  • To evaluate the antiviral effect of Ribavirin against these enteroviruses in cardiomyocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Infection of human cardiomyocyte AC16 cells with CVB5 and ECHO6.
  • Transcriptomic analysis to assess gene expression changes.
  • Quantitative PCR (qPCR) to validate key gene expressions.
  • Assessment of Ribavirin's inhibitory effect on viral replication.

Main Results:

  • Both CVB5 and ECHO6 efficiently infected AC16 cells, causing viral replication and cytopathic effects.
  • Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of immune and inflammation-related genes (e.g., IL6, CCL3, IFNL1) in response to both viruses.
  • Ribavirin (50 µm) demonstrated significant inhibition of CVB5 and ECHO6 replication.

Conclusions:

  • Innate immunity and inflammatory responses are critical in cardiomyocyte defense against enterovirus infection.
  • CVB5 and ECHO6 infections induce shared transcriptomic and immune profiles in human cardiomyocytes.
  • Ribavirin shows potential as a therapeutic agent for enterovirus-induced myocarditis.

Keywords:
coxsackievirus B5echovirus 6human cardiomyocytesimmune responseviral myocarditis

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