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Related Experiment Video

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4D Imaging of Protein Aggregation in Live Cells
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A universal phase-plane model for in vivo protein aggregation.

Matthew W Cotton1,2,3, Alain Goriely3, David Klenerman1,2

  • 1Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|February 18, 2026
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Summary

Cellular protein aggregation, a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, can be explained by a new theoretical framework. This model reveals how protein aggregate formation and removal create bistability, offering insights into disease emergence and therapeutic strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neurodegenerative diseases involve protein aggregate accumulation in the brain.
  • In vitro protein aggregation is understood as solution equilibration.
  • Cellular systems actively remove aggregates, altering aggregation dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a universal theoretical framework for cellular protein aggregation.
  • To explain the transition from monomeric to aggregated protein states in cells.
  • To link molecular aggregation mechanisms to cellular disease states and therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a theoretical framework for cellular systems with aggregate formation and removal.
  • Utilized a two-dimensional phase-plane representation.
  • Analyzed a range of aggregate formation and removal mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The framework demonstrates cell-level bistability driven by the interplay of aggregate formation and removal.
  • A bifurcation structure explains disease emergence and therapeutic intervention effects.
  • Seeding phenomena robustly emerge under specific mechanistic requirements.

Conclusions:

  • The theoretical framework provides a general conceptual link between molecular aggregation and cellular disease progression.
  • It explains how cells transition to aggregate-dominated states.
  • The model offers insights into the impact of therapeutic interventions on neurodegenerative diseases.