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Department or Division: Does it Matter for Plastic Surgery Programs?
Michael R Ruta1, W Nicholas Jungbauer2, Alexander Plonkowski3
1University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|February 18, 2026
Summary
Plastic surgery divisions may face challenges when not independent departments. Losing patients to other specialties significantly increases criticism of institutional hierarchies.
Area of Science:
- Medical Administration
- Surgical Specialties
Background:
- The field of plastic surgery is expanding.
- There is a growing movement to establish independent plastic surgery departments.
- This raises questions about identity, resources, and administrative structures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the implications of institutional hierarchies for plastic surgery programs.
- To gather insights from plastic surgery program chairs regarding departmental status.
Main Methods:
- An anonymous online survey was distributed to chairs of accredited plastic surgery programs.
- 35 out of 103 (34.0%) program chairs responded.
- Data on program classification (division vs. department) and perceived impacts were collected.
Main Results:
- Most programs (84.8%) are divisions of surgery, with only 15.2% as independent departments.
- Over a third of respondents (32.1%) reported losing patients to other specialties due to their division status.
- A majority (54.5%) believed non-independent status negatively impacts plastic surgery.
Conclusions:
- Institutional hierarchies within plastic surgery programs have varied impacts.
- Patient loss and negative perceptions are strongly linked to views on departmental status.
- Chairs from independent departments may hold more critical views due to perceived advantages.
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