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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
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Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

70.4K
In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization
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Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

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ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Female Infertility.

, Wendaline VanBuren1, Myra K Feldman2

  • 1Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR
|February 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infertility, the inability to conceive, affects many women and requires careful evaluation. Initial imaging of the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning.

Keywords:
AUCAppropriate Use CriteriaAppropriateness Criteriafallopian tubesfemale infertilityovariespolycystic ovarian syndromereproductive medicineuterus

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Last Updated: Feb 20, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Medical Imaging
  • Evidence-Based Guidelines

Background:

  • Infertility is defined by age-specific timeframes of conception attempts or need for medical intervention.
  • The prevalence of infertility is increasing globally, necessitating effective diagnostic approaches.
  • Initial imaging evaluation of the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes is vital for managing infertility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria for initial imaging in infertility.
  • To provide evidence-based guidelines for evaluating infertility using imaging modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic analysis of peer-reviewed medical literature.
  • Adaptation of established methodology principles like GRADE for evidence evaluation.
  • Utilizing the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method for determining procedure appropriateness.

Main Results:

  • The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria offer evidence-based guidelines for infertility imaging.
  • Methodologies ensure systematic review and expert consensus in guideline development.
  • Expert opinion serves as a primary source when literature is limited.

Conclusions:

  • Imaging plays a critical role in the comprehensive evaluation of infertility.
  • Evidence-based guidelines facilitate appropriate and effective diagnostic imaging strategies.
  • Multidisciplinary expert panels ensure the quality and relevance of clinical guidelines.