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Five-year cardiovascular outcomes following COVID-19-associated carditis

Roham Hadidchi1, Ekram Ali1, Wayne Shih1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Health System, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.

Clinical Research in Cardiology : Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society
|February 18, 2026
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 survivors with carditis face increased long-term risks of major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality. This highlights the need for ongoing monitoring and specialized cardiac care for these patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Carditis, encompassing myocarditis, pericarditis, and endocarditis, is a serious complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • COVID-19 is linked to increased long-term cardiovascular risks, but the prognosis for carditis survivors is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in patients who developed carditis during COVID-19.
  • To compare outcomes between COVID-19 patients with and without carditis, and with pre-pandemic carditis cases.

Main Methods:

  • Observational cohort study using electronic health records from 2016-2024.
  • Compared three groups: COVID-19 with carditis (n=226), COVID-19 without carditis (n=42,758), and pre-pandemic carditis controls (n=2107).
  • Assessed major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality up to 5 years post-infection using adjusted Cox regression.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 patients with carditis had a significantly higher risk of MACE compared to COVID-19 patients without carditis (aHR 2.99).
  • COVID-19 carditis survivors faced higher all-cause mortality than pre-pandemic carditis patients (aHR 2.75).
  • Myocarditis cases showed the most severe acute illness markers (low LVEF, high troponin), followed by endocarditis and pericarditis.

Conclusions:

  • Survivors of COVID-19-associated carditis have elevated risks of mortality and MACE compared to non-COVID-19 carditis patients and non-carditis COVID-19 patients, respectively.
  • Findings underscore the necessity for long-term surveillance and tailored cardiovascular care for COVID-19 carditis survivors.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19CarditisEndocarditisMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsMyocarditisPericarditis

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