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Self-Reported Strengths and Difficulties by Autistic Young Adults.

Jacqui Ferraiolo1, China I Parenteau2, Jessica Khaw1

  • 1University of California, San Francisco, USA.

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Autistic adults highlighted interpersonal strengths and resilience, alongside challenges in daily life and mental health. This research supports a neurodiversity-affirming approach, focusing on individual strengths and unmet needs for better support.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodiversity studies
  • Autism research
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The autistic community advocates for a neurodiversity-affirming perspective.
  • Current understanding of autism often focuses on deficits.
  • There is a need to explore strengths and challenges from the autistic perspective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To understand autistic adults' self-reported strengths and difficulties.
  • To challenge deficit-dominant narratives in autism research.
  • To inform strengths-informed support tailored to autistic individuals' expressed needs.

Main Methods:

  • Surveyed 292 autistic adults on strengths and 294 on difficulties.
  • Utilized a sample from the SPARK research match registry.
  • Employed inductive coding to analyze free-text responses and identify themes.

Main Results:

  • Interpersonal skills/traits (43.8%) were the most reported strength, with 'Kind/Caring/Loving' being common.
  • Everyday life challenges (39.1%) were the most reported difficulty, including 'Socializing' and 'Executive Functioning'.
  • Reported strengths like resilience and difficulties such as co-occurring mental health challenges were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Autistic experiences are heterogeneous, with diverse strengths and difficulties.
  • Autistic adults possess unacknowledged strengths in interpersonal skills and resilience.
  • Findings support the need for wraparound supports addressing unmet needs and leveraging individual strengths.