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Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...

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A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

CD5L as a potential immunomodulator in dengue severity.

Nurhafiza Zainal¹, Ni Luh Ayu Megasari^2,3, Chin Kim Ling^1,4

¹Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Journal of Vector Borne Diseases

|February 18, 2026

Summary

Serum CD5L (CD5 antigen-like) levels are elevated in dengue virus infection, particularly in later stages associated with IgG antibodies and non-severe disease. This suggests CD5L may play a role in dengue pathogenesis and potentially serve as a biomarker.

Keywords:

CD5L biomarker dengue disease severity immune regulation

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Biochemistry

Background:

CD5L (CD5 antigen-like) is a secreted glycoprotein involved in immune regulation, macrophage polarization, and lipid metabolism.
Its role in viral infections, specifically dengue virus (DENV), is not well understood.
This study investigates serum CD5L levels in dengue-infected individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate serum CD5L concentrations in dengue-positive versus dengue-negative individuals.
To assess the association of CD5L levels with dengue virus serological markers (NS1, IgM, IgG).
To investigate the correlation between CD5L levels and dengue disease severity.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional study design comparing dengue-positive patients and dengue-negative controls.
Quantification of serum CD5L using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Statistical analysis included Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post hoc test (P < 0.05 significance).

Main Results:

Serum CD5L levels were significantly higher in dengue-positive individuals compared to controls (P < 0.05).
Elevated CD5L was most pronounced in IgG-positive only individuals (P < 0.01), not acute markers (NS1, IgM).
Among IgG-positive individuals, higher CD5L levels correlated with non-severe dengue cases (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

CD5L upregulation in dengue is associated with IgG seropositivity, indicating later stages of infection.
Increased CD5L levels may be linked to less severe dengue outcomes.
CD5L warrants further investigation as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target in dengue virus infection.