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Quantifying the honey bee dance floor: A data-driven method for defining and comparing waggle dance regions.

Byron N Van Nest1, Ashley E Wagner2, Michele L Joyner3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

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Honey bees (Apis mellifera) use waggle dances to share foraging site info. A new geometric method quantifies the dance floor, revealing hive size and time influence dance patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Behavior
  • Ecology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Honey bee foragers communicate resource locations via waggle dances.
  • The dance floor's spatial characteristics have been historically qualitative.
  • Quantitative analysis is needed to understand dance floor dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a data-driven geometric method for defining and quantifying the honey bee dance floor.
  • To provide interpretable spatial metrics of the dance floor.
  • To analyze how hive size, date, and time influence dance floor structure.

Main Methods:

  • A geometric approach combining convex hulls and confidence ellipses was used.
  • Waggle dance coordinates were analyzed to define the dance floor region.
  • Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to spatial metrics.

Main Results:

  • The framework quantitatively defined the dance floor, capturing ~91% of dances.
  • Systematic differences in dance floor metrics were detected based on hive size, day, and time.
  • Hive size influenced centroid position and width; time affected orientation.

Conclusions:

  • A reproducible, quantitative framework for analyzing honey bee dance floors was established.
  • The method reveals environmental and temporal influences on spatial recruitment patterns.
  • This advances our understanding of honey bee communication and social organization.