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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

3D Imaging of PDL Collagen Fibers during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mandibular Murine Model
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Human Periodontal Ligament Transcriptomes Under Orthodontic Extrusion and Intrusion: An Exploratory Pilot RNA-Seq

Xiaoqi Zhang1, Lu Xing1, Waseem Ai-Gumaei1

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research
|February 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals early human periodontal ligament gene expression changes during orthodontic tooth movement, identifying key genes for tension and compression responses. A new web tool (HOTM) aids exploration of these crucial orthodontic insights.

Keywords:
RNA sequencingforceorthodontic tooth movementperiodontal ligamenttranscriptomicsweb tool

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Transcriptomics
  • Orthodontics and Dental Research
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Early transcriptional dynamics in the human periodontal ligament (PDL) during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) are not well understood.
  • Existing resources for exploring large-scale human PDL data are limited.
  • This study addresses the need for a user-friendly platform to analyze early OTM transcriptional changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To profile human PDL transcriptomes during the initial 0-10 days of orthodontic tooth movement.
  • To identify genes and pathways involved in PDL response to tension (extrusion) and compression (intrusion).
  • To develop a web application for accessible exploration of OTM-related transcriptomic data.

Main Methods:

  • Tooth extrusion and intrusion models were used to simulate tension and compression on human PDL.
  • RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on PDL samples collected at days 0, 1, 3, and 10.
  • Five gene selection strategies identified force-specific, time-dependent, and condition-specific genes, alongside network modules.
  • A Shiny-based web application (HOTM) was developed for data integration and analysis.

Main Results:

  • Extrusion-associated genes (e.g., CAR1, ACTB) indicated proliferation, while intrusion-associated genes (e.g., CXCR6, CCL5) suggested immunomodulatory signatures.
  • Concurrent gene expression showed a temporal shift from immune activation to proliferation and metabolic specialization.
  • Distinct gene sets highlighted controlled growth (extrusion) and osteoclast-mediated remodeling (intrusion).
  • Integrative modules identified hub genes linking extrusion/intrusion responses to core cellular processes.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a hypothesis-generating transcriptomic resource for early human PDL responses to OTM.
  • A publicly accessible web tool (HOTM) facilitates exploration of candidate genes and pathways.
  • Findings are exploratory and require validation in larger cohorts with rigorous statistical correction.