Decoding the Interplay of ROS and Hormonal Reprogramming in Arabidopsis After Sound Vibration Treatments

Plants are constantly exposed to sound vibrations (SVs) from different sources, which have a significant impact on their growth and adaptation. However, how plants perceive and respond to SVs remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the early biochemical signaling events, like reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hormonal dynamics, in Arabidopsis after 30 and 60 min of specific single-frequency SV treatments (500 Hz, 100 dB). Our results showed that SV triggers ROS production after 30 and 60 min treatment as compared to non-SV treatment plants. To further confirm, we evaluated the transcript levels of 10 respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) in Arabidopsis after SV treatment. Our results showed that SV treatment significantly increased the expression of RBOHA, RBOHD, and RBOHF, while SV downregulates RBOHE, RBOHG, RBOHH, and RBOHJ at both time points. However, SVs have no effect on the transcript of RBOHC and RBOHI at both time points. Further, we examine the effect of SVs on plant hormones like salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (AUX), gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin (CY), and brassinosteroid (BR), and their marker genes. Based on the LC-MS/MS quantification assay and real-time PCR analysis, SV treatment increases SA, JA, CY, and GA levels while decreasing ABA, IAA, and BR. These results revealed that SV mechanosignals trigger early biochemical signaling events like ROS and hormones, which can regulate subsequent key signaling cascades involved in SV signal transduction.